Private Prisons And Its Effects On The United States

This is a relatively new industry and it is startling to imagine how much power they will have in another 30-40 years. They have already managed to manipulate the fourth amendment. At this rate, your simple municipal violation might turn into an arrest record in the future. One possible sign of things to come happened with a Texas man, Jory Enck. He was thrown in jail for allegedly not returning a GED study guide to the public library. The non-profit public interest group, PR Watch, reported in 2012 about a foreboding incident in which CCA had participated in drug raids of an Arizona high school. The local police were provided with drug sniffing dogs by CCA. The school went into a prison style â€Å"lockdown† in which students were forced to line up against the wall and were not allowed to leave the building. This is part of a theme in which private prisons are specifically targeting adolescents to fill their juvenile facilities. There was a perfect example of this corruption with a scandal labeled as â€Å"cash for kids† by the media. Two Pennsylvania judges had accepted approximately $2.6 million in bribes from private juvenile detention centers. In return, those judges increased the number of youths in their facilities by convicting teens for minor offenses that normally would have been thrown out of court. One example was a 15 year old with no prior indiscretions, who spent three months in a boo t camp because she had created a MySpace page which mocked her high school sShow MoreRelatedPrivate Prison And Its Effects On The United States1284 Words   |  6 PagesLobbying As previously stated, private prison companies have to rely on the big prison population in order for them to make money because he main concern of these private corporations that run these facilities is money. Due to this, these companies will do whatever it takes to make sure the prison population increases so they can keep making money. Therefore, the private prison companies will lobby for laws to boost the prison population. Due to this financial motive they will do whatever it takesRead MoreDefining Accreditation675 Words   |  3 Pagessystem in which correctional agencies must comply with under the American Correctional Association. Privatization brings about competition between prisons and jails in the community. As a result, prisons and jails are encouraged to make improvements as deemed necessary. In addition to affecting prisons and jails, accreditation and privatization also has an effect on the professional development of corrections officers. In recent years, the correctional administration has become quite familiar with accreditationRead MoreThe Growing Prison Industrial Complex1700 Words   |  7 Pages The growing Prison Industrial Complex is an intricate web of profit-maximizing business endeavors at the expense of the livelihood of people of color in the continental United States and abroad. With immigration from Mexico and Latin America increasing each year and definitions of who is â€Å"legal† becoming more constricting as the Obama administration cracking down on illegal border crossing, undocumented immigrants are the fastest growing prison population. This research projects aims to look howRead MorePrivatization of American Prisons1661 Words   |  7 Pagesrunning prisons out of the hands of state and federal authorities and contracting it out to private organizations. Along with the drift to privatization is a plethora of research pertaining to the subject taking many different approaches to analyzing the effectiveness. The majority of research focuses on one of three areas. The first questioning whether or not it is cost effective to make the switch. The second being the ethical problems that can and have risen from the privatization of prisons. TheRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the Unite d States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MorePrivatization Within The Criminal Justice System Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages The United States has an incarceration problem that personifies issues throughout the entire criminal justice system. The United States, with just 5 percent of the world s population, currently holds 25 percent of the world s prisoners (Khalek). This issue runs deeper than just incarceration; it permeates every level of the criminal justice system, from incarceration to probation. Many states have turned to private institutions in an attempt shed operating costs, while also increasing effectivenessRead MoreAmeric Land Of The Incarcerated1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poem The Star Spangled Banner after witnessing the attack on Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy in the War of 1812. The poem was sang to the tune of a well-known British song and eventually, Key’s once amateur patriotic poem became the United States national anthem in which the lyrics strongly symbolize our country’s perseverance and freedom. The Star Spangled Banner can be heard at a variety gathering s such as official military functions and sporting events where celebrity singers oftenRead MoreMass Incarceration Of The United States1417 Words   |  6 Pagesleap in time typically served for crimes in America’s society? Either the justice system was too lenient in the past, or the justice system is too strict now. Have we just now realized the real gravity of murder, or are we now overreacting? The United States currently over-incarcerates its citizens, prisoners have become part of the economy, manufacturing and assembling products for major corporations. Based on the research, it would be unethical to continue a trend of mass incarceration when the conditionsRead MorePrison Overcrowding : The United States1535 Words   |  7 Pages 2017 Prison Overcrowding The United States has the highest number of incarcerated individuals than other countries. Offenders are arrested every day for minor and major offences such as murder. America is hard on crime. When someone breaks the law the criminal justice’s system seeks an eye for an eye. Prison overcrowding has become a major problem in the United States, it is very expensive to house an inmate and there are other methods to punish offenders without sending them to prison for extendedRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex Is The Economic Interrelation Between Private Prisons And Various Public1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe prison-industrial complex is the economic interrelation between private prisons and various public and private job sectors that have become dependent on the expansion of the private prison system. A partial list of these sectors includes construction, pharmaceuticals, and law enforcement, including probation and parole. The prison-industrial complex also runs a cheap inmate labor force for various corporations. Approximately 2,266,800 adults are currently imprisoned in America. In addition to

Sexual Assault On College Campuses - 1591 Words

Sexual assault on college campuses is a growing epidemic. Twenty five percent of college women are affected by sexual assault (A. Amar, T. Strout, S. Simpson, M. Cardiello, S. Beckford, 2014, p. 93). Sexual assault is the non- consensual sexual touching of a person, in which a person is forced to engage in a sexual act against their will. Taking advantage of a person sexually is morally wrong, and causes victims of sexual assault significant emotional and physical damage. Sexual assault is a big issue because it is destroying the lives of college students. No one, that is, attending college, and has their whole life in front of them should ever have to experience trauma from such an act and have their whole future compromised because of it. But the problem is that the majority of the victims of sexual assault don’t report it. So what solutions are there to prevent sexual assault? Sexual assault on college campuses can be managed by enforcing a strict no alcohol policy on college campuses, so that it can not be used as a weapon by rapists. Sexual assault can also be thwarted through sexual assault prevention workshops to educate students and staff about the issue, and through the college administration, reporting sexual assault to local authorities, so that the legal consequences of sexual assault can be implemented. Out of the three preventative measures, having the administration report sexual assault to local authorities is more effective, because the crimes areShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault On College Campuses1381 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual assault has been a huge issue for many years on college campuses and universities nation wide. As society has evolved, thoughts on sexual assault have also evolved, becoming more focused on the details of victim treatment than ever before. The topic of sexual assault is debatable and sparks many opinions on weather sexual assault on college campuses is becoming more frequent, or if there is just heightened awareness. Sexual assault can happen to anybody no matter the gender, race, religionRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1394 Words   |  6 PagesSexual assault on college campuses is an extensive topic that has concerned people for many years. The high rates and the case report cover-ups have brought about many varying opinions. Many people believe in changing the college framework to establish universities that are better equipped to deal with this issue. Others feel that the problem could be addressed by changing society’s outlook on crimes like these. While another group feels that the problem is in how we define rape. Despite these differencesRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses822 Words   |  4 PagesSexual assault on college campuses has become a huge issue. Students each and every day make bad decisions, whether they be alcohol induced or not, physical or verbal sexual abuse crosses the minds of some kids. Sexual assault is defined as â€Å"any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient† (justice.gov 2016, pg. 1). Recent altercations have released many different opinions on the topic. Overall the injustice is violating ones personal freedom and decisionRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses Essay1993 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"The Perpetuators of Sexual Assault on College Campuses† Sexual assault is defined as any vaginal, oral, or anal penetration that is forced upon another, regardless of sex and sexual orientation, using any object or body part. The issue of sexual assault in America is primarily encouraged by rape culture. Women Against Violence Against Women is an organization that defines rape culture as a complex set of beliefs that encourage male sexual aggression and supports violence against women. The acceptanceRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses Essay1941 Words   |  8 PagesAssault in all forms is dangerous to both men and women. Sexual assault on college campuses is fairly common today, and occurs in a number of ways. Young women are most often the main victims of assault on college campuses. This is becoming a serious issue in American society today because either some of these cases go unreported or these young women are too scared to report them or are too embarrassed to report it because the men causing these might be their friends o r someone they know. Many youngRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1990 Words   |  8 Pagesthat has been gaining a lot of national attention is that of sexual assault on college campuses. Most understand sexual assault as an extremely vulgar act and it can universally be seen as taboo. But what exactly constitutes as sexual assault? The term sexual assault takes many forms including the attacking of an individual, rape, attempted rape, as well as any unwanted form of sexual contact and threats. A common form of sexual assault committed is when an individual touches any body part of anotherRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses998 Words   |  4 PagesWebster defines sexual assault as an illegal sexual contact that usually involves force upon a person without consent or is inflicted upon a person who is incapable of giving consent or who places the assailant in a position of trust or authority. Most common types of sexual assault are â€Å"acquaintance rape† an d â€Å"date rape†, which both take place on college campuses but go unnoticed. There are several incidents that occur on college campuses that students that attend that particular college or universityRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last few years, the issue of sexual assault on college campuses have been gaining popularity in the public. Campus sexual assault have been a recurring subject throughout history and it seems to only get bigger. People would think that college campuses will be safe due to the advance security on the campus. Hundreds of women and men are sexually assaulted on campus everyday. Many organizations have started to form in order to help victims and prevent such tragic, heinous acts from happeningRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1441 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Violence on College Campuses Among female college students, 23% said they experienced some form of unwanted sexual contact ranging from kissing, to touching, to rape. All of these females said it was carried out by force or threat of force, or while they were incapacitated because of alcohol or drugs. This data was collected from a survey taken by 150,000 students from 27 different Universities. (Wallace, Kelley, 2105) Sexual assault is sexual contact or behavior that happens without theRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses Essay1964 Words   |  8 PagesSexual assault on college campuses has become a hot topic in today’s society. From the Stanford swimmer, Brock Turner, raping an unconscious woman (Miller, 2016, para.1) to the Florida State star football player, Jameis Winston, being accused of rape and FSU covering it up (Dick, 2016, para 1), sexual assault on campus is everywhere. The prevalence of reported assaults is often skewed, due to women feeling uncomfortable about discussing what the y went through, but the numbers tell the story all on

Cast Study Ban on Shark Fin Soup Free Essays

Case Study – Banning of Shark fin soup in Jade Restaurant. The refusal of not banning shark fin soup at Jade Restaurant can affect many stakeholders. This includes the owner/shareholder, suppliers, special interest groups (SIGS), customers, and also the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Cast Study Ban on Shark Fin Soup or any similar topic only for you Order Now The owners and shareholders are definitely going to be affected because if the ban were to go through they would lost a portion of the profit that they would’ve earned if it weren’t for the ban. The suppliers are obviously going to be affected as well if the ban gets through, as they will not be able to supply the restaurant with shark fins, therefore their profit will go down. They would’ve lost a trade partner or maybe have to find a new one. Special interest groups, especially the pressure groups will rejoice because they have accomplished their goal in banning shark fin soup in the city. Another external stakeholder that is affected is the customers. They are partly why activists groups are banning shark fin soup, because there are so many people buying it. Customers who originally come to Jade Restaurant for their shark fin soup will be disappointed. They may have to travel very far to eat shark fin soup and even may have to do it illegally. Lastly, the government will be affected if this ban does get through. The government is in charge of passing the law. If activist group gets enough attention and influence from the general public then the municipal government will have to act upon the public’s interest and introduce a bill. There are many conflicts that arise in this situation. For one, if the ban does not get pass and the owner decides to continue the shark fin soup business then the activist groups may lobby and give a bad name to Jade Restaurant. This may persuade customers to not eat there, even if they are not going there for shark fin soup anyway. Their name could be soiled by the media, which in this case, is spread through the activist groups. Stakeholder Map| Low Power| High Power| Low Interest| Customers| Municipal Government| High Interest| Pressure Groups| Shareholders| It would be wise to pay attention to the shareholders as they are the ones keeping the business running with their investments. Next, we should keep the government informed on such matters because we do not want the government to shut down our business. We should keep pressure groups satisfied because they are the ones who really have a voice that can influence what the general public thinks. How to cite Cast Study Ban on Shark Fin Soup, Essay examples

Commercial and Contract Management

Question: Discuss about the Commercial and Contract Management. Answer: Introduction Commercial and Contract management is the concept through which all the parties to the contract totally understand their obligations and ensure that such obligations are fulfilled effectively and efficiently in order to get the best value for money. The role of mangers with respect to commercial and contract mangers are to keep a check on contract in order to ensure that the obligations of the contractors are met by them. A more modern approach to the concept of commercial and contract management would define it as a process of motivating, enabling and empowering contractors in order to derive additional value. According to Office of Government Commerce (2002), Contract management is the process that enables both parties to a contract to meet their obligations in order to deliver the objectives required from the contract. It also involves building a good working relationship between customer and provider. It continues throughout the life of a contract and involves managing proactivel y to anticipate future needs as well as reacting to situations that arise. I started with this definition to highlight the importance of contract management in any running project whereas in our company there is no contract management department taking care of all contracts of all our projects. I will be discussing in this paper about this issue within the company for most of our running projects, however I will select one of our main projects in Qatar market for geotechnical investigation, the Greenline Metro which is currently on going and expected to be completed by mid of 2017. I am working in ACTS a third-party leader company in geotechnical investigation and laboratory testing in the MENA region. My role here is decomposed to many tasks starting for being projects manager for most of our geotechnical investigation projects, monitoring all activities within the department, managing subcontractors, approving subcontractors invoices, issuing of financial work orders for the department on monthly basis covering all the works done in each month, working with the Head of division on reviewing some contracts. It took me couple of years to reach this career development and managing multi tasks in project management either in operations or in commercial. The main issues I would like to elaborate on are many commercial problems that was accompanied with this contract starting from the lack of internal communication and the negotiation pre-award, losing a lot of money due to outsourcing which in some cases it was not needed. I am choosing to discuss about these commercial issues because I believe that managing contracts of any project throughout the life cycle needs a good expertise to ensure performing all the obligations within the agreed contracts, between the client and us and between us and our subcontractors or suppliers. I want this to be clear in this paper because it will reflect the need of having a commercial manager in the company that fulfills his role as indicated by Lowe et al (1997) that he is a person controlling or administering the financial transactions of an organization with the primary aim of generating a profit including some activities that he can cover such as Manages the Commercial Team and plans, develops an d implements the Companys commercial plans for commercial and business development activities and must be adept at understanding and engaging in all aspects of the strategic function, which is where a specialist qualification in commercial management comes to the fore, in addition realizing project objectives, maximizing profit, taking advantage of opportunities and minimizing project risks and claims for loss and expense; negotiating and managing contract close-out, extensions or renewals as mentioned by Lowe (2013). From the above, the questions to be asked and treated in the next section are; Does the commercial manager is that important for solving the above highlighted issues? Can the company be improved and the project becoming more profitable by defining the pre award and post award activities for this manager? What are the key commercial concepts and principles that influenced these issues? This part of the essay, reviews the literature and relevant theories, which are available for the better management of commercial and contractual activities, so that the parties to the contract are able to get the best of the contract (Puil and Weele 2014). The main principles of Commercial and Contract Management (CCM) with respect to project management are related to success criteria, competitive advantage theories, value creation and relationship management of CCM. The principles of CCM are also with respect to body of knowledge and maturity of contracts (Puil and Weele 2014). The principles of CCM with respect to clients involve processes like assets and service identification, solution selection, requirement specification, services and assets procurement, service termination, asset disposal and management of contract. These principles also provided a guide for techniques like negotiating and drafting contracts, management of procurement strategies and contract management techniques such as value, risk, relationship and performance measuring management (Safa et al. 2016). The principles related to CCM also deal with the side of the suppliers. The principles include processes like opportunity development, implementation of projects, proposition identification, assets and services identification, disposal and termination. The principles also include techniques like bid management which includes estimation, strategies, models, pricing policies, resource procurement and production of the proposal along with contact management and drafting and negotiation of contracts (Sheikh, Jalil and Khan 2014). In order to adequately address the chosen issue in part A, it is very important to understand the importance of negotiation, communication and strategy with respect to commercial and contact management. Contact management refers to the process of efficiently and systematically managing the creation and execution of contract for the purpose o managing risks and maximizing financial and operational performance. Majority of contract management principles are related to post award strategies, but upstream and pre awards processes are also very important in contract management (Watson et al 2014). Organizations are increasingly facing problems with respect to improving performance as well as financial management and reducing cost. The identification of the need to drastically improve the contract management process is making it very significant to have professional contract managers within organizations (Mackin et al 2104). All contracts are founded so that they can get approval at different level and obtain the commitment of management. This includes the formulation of an appropriate business case with respect to the functional and operational strategies of the organizations. Contact and business objectives, policies and issues, which affect the investment and decisions, are set out in the business cases. The business case should be made in such a way that the contract fulfills its requirements and is affordable and achievable. The business case should address the outcome of the contact, important success factors, possible alternatives, the risks and their extent, time scale and identification of contingent needs. The business case has to be prepared by involving the end users where necessary and also the involvement of stakeholders. It has to be signed by the patrons and sponsors (Schooner and Castellano, 2016). Not only the time scale, complexity, nature and significance of procurement but also the extent to which it can be considered to be appropriate and beneficial, determine needs for having a separate team for contract and commercial management (Moduga et al. 2013). The factors which are to be considered before making a spate team for commercial and contract management are, the projects nature, nature of management style of the team and the work environment, internal and external communication. Along with the procurement, the tem can be derived from all sectors within the organization as relevant and appropriate. For example, teams like research and development, marketing and sales, finance and human resources, legal and design can be considered. The project may also opt to include the representative of the end users if it is an advantage for the organization. The individuals of these teams does not need to meet regularly, but based on the complexity of the project a core team can be cr eated and the members of which will meet regularly and this team will become the project management team. The importance of teamwork and the significance of the team leader have to be recognized (Puil and Weele 2014). The strategies with respect to a particular contract should be in compliance with the overall procurement strategies of the organization (Joy 2015). Contact management strategies, include relationship management, contract administration, subsequent service delivery, type of management to be adopted, per and post awards of contract and establishing the form of procurement. A successful contract management strategy can achieve benefits through, managing own responsibility of the organization during the contract, ensuring that the minimum performance criteria is met by the suppliers, developing effective relationships with suppliers to achieve short and long term supplier improvement. The issues, which need to be addressed while developing effective contract strategies, are significance, scale and nature of the organizations needs, value of needs, input or output specifications, market attractiveness and capacity, phasing and timescale and understanding the needs of suppliers and stakeh olders (Cruz and Marques 2013). There are various risks with respect to commercial and contractual activities. The Commercial and Contractual mangers have to follow a three way process with respect to these risks, risk analysis, assessment and mitigation. These three processes facilitate the taking of appropriate actions and decisions in order to control the risks appropriately. The process of risk analysis means the identification of potential issues, which can go wrong with respect to commercial and contractual business activities and then estimating the chances of each happening. Risk managements must be included in contract strategy formation as it is a fundamental part of such strategies (Kerzner 2013). Both formal and informal strategies can be adopted with respect to the process of risk management and the use of formal risk listing process should be adopted in case of complex projects (Burnett 2013). Outsourcing is the process by which an organization delegates its work to an outside source in order to make the process more cost effective. Outsourcing is not needs in an organization all the time and if this concept is applied all the time that it will cost the company more instead of bringing down the cost. Unnecessary outsourcing causes the organization to lose revenue and the use of such concept only must be done when it is necessary (Albano 2013). It is very important for the organizations to appraise suppliers. Supplier appraisal involves the evaluation of the potential capabilities of the suppliers to deliver goods and services to the organization in the present and in the future. Once this is approved, the supplier can be placed in the list of verified suppliers as a result the organizations do not have to conduct scanning for suppliers in the future. This process is very important with respect to successful supplier management, strategic sourcing and for the purpose of gaining competitive advantages with respect to procurement of goods and services (Kerzner 2013). It is the goal of every professional to arrange the best possible deal for his or her organization. This goal can only be achieved through the process of post tender negotiation. This strategy has to be integrated in the contract management strategy. If these negotiations ore conducted by the help of person who have expertise in that field, that it could be of a great help for the organization. Although it is to be noted, in this case that, no professional should adopt any unethical means for the purpose of such negotiations (Johnson 2014). The post management principles of contract are also vital for the organization. A company must appoint professionals for the purpose of relationships management with suppliers and service delivery management. The first is to maintain and develop a constructive relationship of the organization with the suppliers and the latter is to ensure that the services are performed in accordance to the terms of the contract. Changes in a contractual terms are investable, this becomes even more common when the the contract id of long term. Changes in the terms of a contract should not be a concern for the organizations and it should often be welcome if it increases the output of the contract (Wood 2014). In this part of the essay I was discuss how the principles and concepts discussed in part B of the assignment can be related to the issue. This segment will also also discuss how the codes and principles with respect to commercial and contractual management can be used effectively to address the issue and finding ways in which my role can be performed more efficiently and effectively along with how the activities can be performed in a more suitable manner The main issue, which I am taking about in this essay, is the problems faced in the process of pre contract negotiation and award management, unnecessary outsourcing and most importantly the lack of communication, which is the root cause of such problems. I need to develop a contract management plan for the purpose of my own role in the organization with respect to all the activities I have to perform regarding contract management. I need to allocate separate time for myself for the purpose of planning and preparing a business case, tender documents and drafting specification. Along with this, I also need to dedicate time and effort to determine how the contract is going to work once it has been awarded. The importance of contract management is very vital to the organization and it is more than essential to make a contract management plan before the contract is awarded. I should take time to consider how the obligations of parties can be carried smoothly and effectively. There are certain factors which I need to consider in order to fulfill by obligations with respect to the organization successfully. I should make proper arrangement with respect to service delivery so that both providers and consumers benefit from it. I need to ensur e that the organization is getting adequate value for money through the contracts and getting expected business benefits. I need to ensure that the parties to the contract are responsive and co-operative by setting guidelines and principles related to the same in the contract. I need to ensure that the customers are made aware of their obligations with respect to the contract. With respect to my role in the organization, I need to make sure that there are no disputes and surprises with respect to the contract. My role in the organization can be successfully carried on by making adequate flexibility in relation to the contractual parties especially in terms of partnership agreements. I should include such terms in the contract, which allows for changes in the terms of the contract if there is an occurrence of any unforeseeable problem. It is impossible to be certain about happening or non-happening of a certain event with respect to a contract (Turner 2016). Even if the risk management procedure as discussed in the part B of the essay is complied with thoroughly, there can still be scope for the rise of unforeseeable problems with respect to the contracts. I should be well equipped for problems, which may occur due to the change in the suppliers team after the contract has been awarded. I should set down guidelines on how the members with respect to the suppliers address Varity of issues in order to ensure that the problems are addressed adequately. I have to set methods and timescales thro ugh which the suppliers understanding and knowledge of the businesses of my organization can be enhanced and also transferred to the successive team members of the suppliers. It is very important for the purpose of my role in the organization to ensure that the guidelines set out in the contract demonstrate clear proof of success (or otherwise) with respect to the relationship. I need to ensure that the other parties to the contract can clearly identify their benefits with respect to the contract along with a distinct knowledge for the other party with respect to why they should contribute to the contract. I also need to understand the wants and expectations of the stakeholders and the end users with respect to the contract. Meeting the expectations of the stakeholders and the end users is an essential factor for the proper growth of the company (Samuel 2014). Usually the contract of our organization are short terms contract unless the projects is huge like the Greenline metro which is expected to last for three years from 2014-2017. With respect to this project, a lot of unforeseeable cost had to be incurred by us because we outsourced our workers to other companies and as a result, we ended up in a lot of scanning with respect to good suppliers, a lot of time was also consumed of the management in relation to reviewing contracts with other sub contractors. This also led to a higher transition cost for my organization. We also faced holdup problems with respect to the suppliers, as they were not able to live up to the contractual terms and agreements and some of them started to increase the per unit price intentionally. The main cause of such problems was that the organization did not have a proper contract management department, which is entrusted with the responsibility of addressing such issues effectively. This problem has to be solved by the organization by setting up an appropriate and separate team for the purpose of contract management as discussed in the part B of the essay. This team has to be set up taking representation from all the parts of the organization and also involving end users if it is beneficial for the organization. With respect to long term, contractual relationships as was in the Greeline project these teams can effectively mitigate the risks and problems, which are faced by my organization currently. My company also needs a contract exiting strategy with respect to long-term contracts like the Greenline project. A contract should only be brought to an end when both the parties to the contract have abided by their contractual obligations efficiently. This only occurs when all the aspects of the contract like price, time and delivery are met successfully. If the terms and conditions of a contract are not abided by, it account to the breach of the contract (CHENG, S ONG and YANG 2013). However, this was not the case with our organization with respect to the Greenline project and as a lesson; my organizations should develop a contract exiting strategy of its own with the help of experts. It is very important for my organization to identify the circumstances in which an early exit from a contract be desired and at time required. These measures have to be taken by the company when there is a major breach of terms on the part of the suppliers and on the event of frustrations of the contract. Breaches with respect to a legally binding agreement attract legal actions (Girth et al. 2012). My organization also needs to ensure that they have a specific team with respect to drafting of requirements and specifications. Specifications helps the suppliers to understand about the needs of the organization and what exactly the organizations expect from the, if such statement is drafted cautiously and is provided to the suppliers, it will be easy for them to fulfill the contractual obligations. In the initial stages if a professional team is appointed to draft the specification with reference to the business case, it would be great for my organization future growth. The management of the contract with Greenline with respect to outsourcing was not that good from the part of my organization. The main reason for this was the lack of a proper contract managing team whose knowledge and expertise is very essential for the management of such long-term projects. My organization should have revised its decisions about outsourcing with respect to its transaction cost. On the other had our company also missed out on one of the major principles of commercial and contract management, which is to analyze in details the requirement of the other parties to the contract. With respect to the long-term contract with Greenline, our organization has so far failed to analyze the needs of the company and as a result, my organization is facing difficulties in relation to the contract. The negotiation of a contract also forms an important part of contract management principles. Our organization was only represented by the department head for negotiation of the contract with Greenline. As he is not a specialist in that field, he was not able to negotiate the terms of the contract properly and a lot of relevant information, which would have benefited our organization, was missing in the contract. Concluding this section of the essay I would like to say that the organization would not have been in such, a position is it had an appropriate integrated commercial and contract management system. I have gained a lot of useful knowledge from this issue faced by my organization, so has my teammates and my organization themselves. I would like to discuss what we have learned through this issue and what was our next step towards reducing the risk of such events in the future. We have learned through this issue that the pre award activities are as important as post award activities with respect to a contract. It is very essential for our organization to find ways to reduce cost and enhance operational and financial performance. My organization has indentified that they need a professional contract management team with respect to both long and short term. I have gained the knowledge that it is very important for me to cautiously prepare the business case with respect to pre award management of contract so that the foundation of the contract is strong. I have also learnt that I need to develop pre contract strategies such strategies will involve managing my organizations own responsibilities as well as ensuring that the supplies are abiding by their contractual obligations. We as a team have understood the importance of risk assessment for the purpose of contract management. I have also learnt that unforeseeable circumstances may occur with respect to a contract and an early contract exit strategy has to be planned for circumstances where there is a signifiact breach in contractual terms. I have learned that I need allocate adequate time for planning the strategies with respect to the contract. My organization and I have adopted certain action plan with respect to contract management in the future so that we do not face such problem in the future. I have started paying extra attention towards my organizing skills so as to ensure that I leave do not leave out any relevant step with respect to contract management. I have learned the importance of pre-award contract management and have designed a plan so that I can concentrate more on such activities. My organizations have established an integrated contract management team for the purpose of contract management. The organization have entrusted the team with powers to control contracts on behaved of the organization. The organization has also appointer one professional contract negotiate for the purpose of contract negotiation. The organization has also set up a helpline number with respect to post-award delivery services of the contract. The organization has also appointed public relation offices whose duty will be to ensure that a contrastive and productive relationship is developed between the organization and the other parties to the contract. While doing this assignment I was enlightened with the fact that there are so many useful principles and concepts, which help us to manage contracts effectively and efficiently. I was little surprised to know the importance of pre contract strategies in the overall business scenario. The principles and concepts, which are available with respect to contract management, guide us on how to carry on our activities efficiently. The problems which my organizations and I were facing with respect to contractual management inspired me the most to find ways in which my I can help my organization with the issue. Due to vast availability of the resources with respect to the principles and guides of contract management, it was not that difficult for me to find principles, which were suitable for the issue faced by my organization and me. It was difficult for me to make the management understand the needs of these principles with respect to contracts entered into b y our organization. It was also difficult for the management and me to design an effective action plan in order to mange contracts. I discovered that I did not have much knowledge about contract management principles, which which could have resulted in negative outcome with respect to my future career development. I have acknowledged the importance of these principles in contact management and have taken a resolution to abide by them. I would like to change the approaches of the suppliers with respect to contract management, as it will not only benefit them but to the industry as a whole. 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