Biodiversity and Land Quality Essay -- Infrastructure Biodiversity Ess

Biodiversity and Land Quality Human society's progression through time has resulted in many environment-altering effects, particularly those brought about by industrialization and rapid population growth. The combination of increased numbers of humans and improved technology has created the need for better management of resources and transportation across the globe. This need has produced great leaps in infrastructure, such as roads and dams. However, the introduction of this infrastructure into the natural world has adversely affected the environment. Biodiversity is often drastically altered, resulting in changes in breeding and predation patterns which, in turn, lead to species extinction and degradation of soil and vegetation. The complex intertwining of many facets of the environment create the potential for humans to have tremendous impact upon the world in which they live, and the effects of infrastructure upon biodiversity and land quality have a far-reaching influence on the environment that calls for cr itical evaluation. As global population increases, a more economically efficient use of resources is necessary to sustain demand for fuel, food, and water. Cities, and the huge populations that they contain, "are parasitic on the surrounding landscape," requiring large amounts of resources to be imported into them (Southwick 169). Thus, more reliance is being placed upon technological innovations and industrialization in order to efficiently support the world's growing numbers, and concentrations, of humans. As a result, infrastructure, particularly dams and roads, are becoming prominent features of the modern landscape. Natural ecosystems are often adversely affected by the environmental modification infrastructure ... ...if industrial activities are not kept at bay. Works Cited: Balmford, Andrew, Georgina M. Mace, and Joshua R. Ginsberg. "The challenges to conservation in a changing world: putting processes on the map," in Conservation in a Changing World, ed. Mace, Balmford, and Ginsberg. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998. GLOBIO. www.globio.info. UNEP 2001. Myers, Norman. "The Rich Diversity of Biodiversity Issues," in Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources, ed. Reaka-Kudla, Wilson, and Wilson. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1997. Southwick, Charles. Global Ecology in Human Perspective. Oxford Univ. Press, 1996. Steadman, David W. "Human-Caused Extinction of Birds," in Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources, ed. Reaka-Kudla, Wilson, and Wilson. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1997.

Industrial Training Research Paper on Esquire

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Dept. of Textile Technology Course No: Tex-600 Course Title: Industrial Training Session: Fall 2010 REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING From 1st June 2011 to 30th July 2011 ESQUIRE KNIT COMPOSITE LTD 22/58, Kachpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj Supervising Teacher Nahida Akter Lecturer Dept. of Textile Technology, AUST Report Submitted By- Name| ID| Md. Imtiaz Ahmed| 07. 01. 06. 0| Md. Iftekhar Hossain| 07. 01. 06. 067| Md. Husne Mubarak| 07. 01. 05. | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At first our gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah to give us strength & ability to complete the Industrial training.Industrial Training is an academic course of the Textile Technology Department of AUST. We want to thank Professor Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, Head, Department of Textile Technology, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, gave us an opportunity to choose preferable mill for Industrial Training. We chose Esquire Knit Composite Limited gracefully with the supervision of our teacher Mrs. Nahida Akter , Lecturer. We would like to thank her for her logical guidelines, constant inspirations necessary instructions and proper supervision.During the training in Esquire Knit Composite Limited we worked in all the departments related with the Wet Processing Section. We also worked sincerely in the Knitting Section, Maintenance and Effluent Treatment Plant. Moreover we learned about Quality Control Section, finished Fabric Inspection Section, finishing & specially dyeing. We would like to thank the management of Esquire Knit Composite Limited for giving us the opportunity to do industrial training successfully and also for their valuable suggestions. Our heartiest appreciation goes to Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser, ED of operation EKCL and Mr.Hafizur Rahaman Nixon DGM (Fabric dyeing) for their permission to conduct our industrial training without which it would be incomplete. We would also like to thank Mr. Md. Zaman Manager (Fabric Dyeing) and Mr. Md Helal Sr. M anager (Fabric Finishing) for their insightful suggestions, guidelines and sharing their values with us. At last we want to thanks all the executives, senior executives and officials of EKCL for helping us to conduct industrial training successfully. Chapter 1: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT FACTORY 1. NAME OF FACTORY: Esquire Knit Composite Ltd. 2. STATUS: Private Ltd. Company 3.NATURE OF BUSINESS: 100% Export oriented composite knit Dyeing 4. OWNER OF THE MILL: Md. Mofazzal Hossain. 5. LOCATION OF MILL: 22/58, Kanchpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. 6. HEAD OFFICE: Ideal Trade Centre (9th & 10th Floor) 102, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka. Tel: 9113161, 9129396 Fax. 880-02-812 E-mail: [email  protected] net 7. YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT: Fabric dyeing project: July-1993 Yarn dyeing project: September-1993 8. Project Cost: Taka 400, 00,000 9. Project Area: 200000 sq. feet 10. Total Manpower: a. Yarn Dyeing: 350 b.Embroidery: 120 c. Fabric Dyeing: 400 d. Maintenance: 150 e. Knit ting: 400 f. Garments: 4310 g. Printing: 150 h. Administration: 120 11. INSTALLED CAPACITY : 1. 54 Million kg 12. TOTAL TURNOVER: Average 13. PRODUCTION: a. Total:450 Metric ton per month b. Knitting: 12 tons/day c. Yarn dyeing: 8 tons/day d. Fabric dyeing: 15 tons/day e. Garments: 50000 pcs/day Site location of the mill WEST SOUTH NORTH Jatrabari Chowrasta EAST Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Esquire Knit Composite Limited Kachpur Bridge Sinha Textile Dhaka-Shylet Highway Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Different Departments:The mill has several sections to run smoothly, they are given bellow: * KNITTING SECTION: 1. Knitting 2. Inspection * KNIT DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3. Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * YARN DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3.Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * GARMENTS SECTION: 1. Merchandising 2. Sample 3. Production * MAINTENANCE: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical 3. Utility * ACCOUNTS & COMMERCIAL SECTION * PLANNING DEPARTMENT * HUMAN RESOURCE SECTION * ADMIN SECTION PRODUCT MIX: a) Knitted grey fabrics: Single jersey Plain Fabric, 1Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"2 Rib , Lycra single jersey, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Polo Pique, Lacoste(Single/Double), Engineering Stripe, Feeder Stripe, Drop needle, 2/3 Thread fleece(Brushed/Un-brushed), Collar & Cuff etc. ) Knit Garments: T-shirt, Polo shirt, Sweat shirt, Golf shirt, Cardigan, Jogging suit, Short/Trouser, Legging, Fashion dress & Children wears etc. COMPANY PROFILE About Esquire : Esquire group is one of the leading among manufacturers & suppliers of a comprehensive range of quality knitted fabrics, dyed fabrics , Dyed yarns 7 Garments products for different customer requirements . Our range of products include dyed yarn , Dyed of knitted fabrics, Grey fabrics; Single jersey, Double jersey, CVC Fleece, Terry fabrics, Plain interlock, PC, 100% Polyester fabrics, Grey Melange and final products is Garments & printing.An ISO 9001:2000 certified company; Esquire Group continues to play a leading role in the manufacturing of Quality Garments in Bangladesh with the intent to further strengthen its position for its quality products. With our decades of experience and extensive industry knowledge, we have been able to face the challenges of the global market place and deliver quality products in adherence with market standards and parameters. Whatever your specification or quantity desired, our expertise and quality of service always remain the same .Modern production and techniques and flexible procersses and procedures allow us to offer efficient service for small batch as well as large orders . Esquire knit Composite is a 100% export –oriented company and work with the objective of achieving maximum customer satifaction. The Company has adopt innovative procedures and practice to meet customer expectations everytime they deal with us. We always welcome any feedback or suggestions from clients in order to serve them better . Vision: We will work together to define and understand every process performed by the rganization and continuosly strive to improve the quality at defferet stage of production and supply. Our aim is to grow by providing standard and superior dyeing products and Garments and support services that are always astep ahead,Eco-frriendly , and loved by our customers . We will give our customers every reason to rely on us and will achieve our vision by developing win-win partnership with our clients and open communications with our all stake holders including associates , customers and suppliers . Mision:Our mission is to lead the industry to the front with complete commitment and dedication on standards , Quality, productivity and customer satisfaction . Esquire Team : Another major asset to our sophisticated production facilities and technical expertise is our team of experienced and qualified people who are committed to achieve maximum customer satisfacti on by delivering superior value products . The team works under the able guidance of our chairman Mr. Mofazzol Hossain , under whose leadership, The company has reached so far in this business. Our senior management include * Mr. Mofazzol Hossain-(Chairman) Esquire group Mr. Ehsanul Habib- Managing Director (M. D) * Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser-General Manager(G. M) * Dr. Md. Ali Haider-G. M(R&D) * Mr. A. S. M. Hafizur Rahman-DGM (Fabric dyeing) * Mr. Nazrul Islam Khan-AGM (Garments) * Mr. Faroqure rahman-AGM (Yarn dyeing) REMARKS : Esquire knit composite Ltd. is a member of Esquire group of companies , a leading house of industries and commerce in Bangladesh . It contains Esquire Electronics , Esquire knit composite , Esquire Knit Wears, Esquire Dyeing Industry , Esquire sourcing , MMH textiles , Fashion Paradise Ltd. CHAPTER 02 Raw Material RAW MATERIAL:Raw material is a unique substance in any production oriented textile industry. It plays a vital role in case of continuous productio n & for high quality fabric. The EKCL always try to use high quality raw material to export high quality and world class product. Raw material for knitting: Yarn Count Cotton:20/1s ,24/1s, 26/1s,30/1s,40/1s) Polyester:50/D,75/D, 100/D Lycra:120/D PC:30/1s CVC:30/1s Gray Millenge:28/1 s Raw material for yarn dyeing: Yarn: Cotton(20/1s,24/1s,26/1s,30/1s,40/1s), Polyester (50/D, 75/D100/D), Lycra (120/D), PC(30/1s), CVC(30/1s) Thread Dyes: Remazol, Ciba, Bezaktive SLF, Drimarene, Kimsoline.Auxiliaries: Raw material for Fabric dyeing: Fabric: Single Jersey, Lycra Single jersey, 1? 1 Rib, 2? 1 Rib, 2? 2 Rib, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Single lacoste, Double lacoste, Terry fleece, Polo pique, Lycra fleece, Gray Millenge. Dyes: Dyes list is given in the next page Auxiliaries: Auxiliaries list is given after dyes list Chemicals & Auxiliaries used in EKCL: Sr. No. | Type| Chemical Name| Supplier| 01. | Acid donor| 01. | DYAPOL-AB| DYAPOL| | | 02. | MEROPAN-CIT| CHT| | | 03. | OPTAVON-4UD| ZSCHIME R & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | SANDASID PB| CLARIANT| | | 05. | SENTAVIN RCO| H & M LTD. | 2. | Anti-creasing Agent| 01. | ALBAFLUID CD| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | BIAVIN 109 (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 03. | BIAVIN SFT (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 04. | Cibafluid C| N/A| | | 05. | JINSOFTER-ACN| JINTEX| | | 06. | JINSOFTER CBA| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER BSK| JINTEX| 03. | Antifoaming agent| 01. | ALBATEX FFC (10% Sol. )| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | CIBAFLOW Jet| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 03. | CONTIPON S (10% Sol. ) | ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | JINDAFOAM JET| JINTEX| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR CDA| EURO DYE CTC| | | 06. | CROSCOLOR NJA| N/A| | | 07. | CROSCOLOR PTM| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | TISSOCYL RC9| H & M LTD. | | 09. | Zetafoam Zero (5% Sol. )| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 04. | Anti-pilling Enzyme| 01. | Al-Chemi (Conj)| N/A| | | 02. | BEIZYM TEC| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Bio-polish| Tex Resources| | | 04. | Biotex PIL(30% Sol. )| N/A| | | 05. | DELTA-BP| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | 06. | Ecotouch| Quality Colour & Chem. LTD. | | | 07. | Fibrilase HD 350| N/A| | | 08. | FORYLASE-DLS 170| N/A| | | 09. | HDL-160| Ablu| | | 10. | JINTEXME OEM| JINTEX| | | 11. | Liquid Enzyme| N/A| | | 12. | MEGA-EH3| Ablu| | | 13. | Retrocell PL7X| H & M LTD. | | | 14. | Retrocell ELX| H & M LTD. | | | 15. | Retrocell PLEX| N/A| | | 16. Retrocell-PLX-TRA| FINTEX TRADING CORP. | | | 17. | ROCKSOFT TM BIO-ACE| dyadic International| | | 18. | SILTEX PE40| CRECOON PVT LTD (PAK)| 05. | Creasing agent| 01. | INVATEX SA| HUNTSMAN| 06. | Detergent| 01. | INVATEX DA| HUNTSMAN| 07. | Dispersing agent| 01. | Domapol-B-conc. | N/A| | | 02. | DYAPOL XLF| ZSCHIMER & SCH | | | 03. | INVATEX AC| HUNTSMAN| | | 04. | OPTAVON SV| H & M LTD. | | | 05. | SETAMOL BL| BASF| | | 06. | SETAMOL WS| N/A| 08. | Emulsifier| 01. | MA-Humi-W(terge AP)| Elitte Textile| 09. | Enzymatic Killer| 01. | SILTEX ASILON OL| CRECOON PVT LTD. (PAK)| 10. | Fixing Agent| 01. ALBAFIX ECO| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | ALCOFIX R| N/A| | | 03. | JINFIXER| JINTEX| | | 04. | ZETAFIX-R-( WER)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ZETAFIX WER| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 06. | Zetasal-WER| JINTEX| | | 07. | TAIGAL N-600| N/A| 11. | General Chemicals| 01. | ACETIC ACID| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 02. | BLEACHING POWDER| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 03. | Biorol-JK| N/A| | | 04. | CAUSTIC SODA (Pearls)| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM LTD| | | 05. | Chelam-NEX| N/A| | | 06. | Common Salt (Sikder)| N/A| | | 07. | DISODIUM PHOSPHATE| N/A| | | 08. | GLAUBER SALT| GRASSIM IND. LTD| | | 09. | Green-Acid (Jintex-CPS)| JINTEX| | | 10. GREEN ACID (Jintex-CPS)| N/A| | | 11. | GSS. | FINTEX TRADING| | | 12. | H2O2 (35%)| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | | | | | | 13. | H2O2 (50%)| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 14. | JINTEX RH| JINTEX| | | 15. | Lazim PE| N/A| | | 16. | Lubisol-AM| N/A| | | 17. | SCOURNER BF-70| N/A| | | 18. | SETAVIN AS| N/A| | | 19. | Soda Ash| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 20. | Sodium Hydros| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | | 21. | Soda PS| SHUNG SHUNG CHEM. COM. LTD. | | | 22. | TRI SODIUM PHOSP HATE| N/A| | | 23. | Viscobleach| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| | | 24. | Viscocolor| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| 12. | Levelling agent(For Reactive dyes)| 01. Ablutex-STR| Ablu| | | 02. | ALBATEX LD| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Alcoperse AD| N/A| | | 04. | BITGEN DL/P| N/A| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR ADM| H & M LTD. | | | 06. | CROSCOLOR HPJS| H & M LTD. | | | 07. | JINLEV CL-225| JINTEX| | | 08. | JINTEX RLA| JINTEX| | | 09. | Levajol-RL| N/A| | | 10. | MA SCOUR AIN (Perp-IN)| Ellite Textile| | | 11. | Sera-Gal-C-FTR| Scarlet Services| | | 12. | TAIGAL NL-4DH| N/A| | | 13. | TAIGAL SET| N/A| | Levelling agent(For Dispersedyes)| 01. | CROSPREP PBS| H & M LTD. | | | 02. | Doregal-SFD| N/A| | | 03. | DYAPOL-XLF| DYAPOL| | | 04. | JINLEV RLF| JINTEX| | | 05. | LYOGEN PES LIQUID-200| JINTEX| 3. | Peroxide Killer| 01. | Catalase BF| CHT| | | 02. | LORINOL ULTRA-125| N/A| | | 03. | R-THN/Catalase BF| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | Setavan-PK(THN) 50%| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | Reduzol PK (50% Sol. )| N/A| 14. | Reducing agent| 01. | IRGASOL DAM| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | MCL-TH| CLARIANT| | | 03. | Meropan / Redulite Red| CHT| | | 04. | Redulite – RED| CHT| | | | | | | | 05. | REDUPAL SU| CLARIANT| | | 06. | Zetasol – OR| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 15. | Sequestering agent| 01. | ANTISIL CONZ| N/A| | | 02. | HEPTOL KEB| CHT| | | 03. | JINTEXALATE SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 04. | LADIQUEST 1097| CLARIANT| | 05. | MEROPAN DPE| CHT| | | 06. | SECURON-C| COGNIS| | | 07. | Trilon – TB| BASF| | | 08. | TRILON TB (10% Sol. )| CLARIANT| 16. | Silicone| 01. | MICROCIL AM| SILVIA| 17. | Soaping agent| 01. | ASUTOL-PA| Ablu| | | 02. | CEREFAST CRD| N/A| | | 03. | COTOBLANCE NSR | CHT| | | 04. | ERIOPON R| HUNTSMAN| | | 05. | JINTEXALATE QSE| JINTEX| | | 06. | REACTIVE W| Texotech| 18. | Softener| 01. | Astrost SA (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 02. | Bevasoft – CF (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 03. | CROSOFT NBC (10% Sol. )| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 04. | Decosoft Jcc (10% Sol. )| Tex Color Int. | | | 05. | INSOFT CL (10% Sol. )| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | 06. | JINSOFT AW-509| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER FS/CS| JINTEX| | | 08. | Jinsofter ME| N/A| | | 09. | Jinsofter NF (10% Sol. )| JINTEX| | | 10. | JINSOFTER WCS-(FLAKES)| JINTEX| | | 11. | Ma-Smooth AL| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 12. | MEGASOFT FMG| HUNTSMAN| | | 13. | TUBINGAL| CHT| 19. | Washing agent| 01. | Ablutex BBV| Ablu| | | 02. | FELOSAN NOF| CHT| | | 03. | Flock-BM/Hydrostat-BM| N/A| | | 04. | Hydrostat BM| N/A| | | 05. | MA Disp-ARE (SOAP REA)| Ellite Textile| | | 06. | SCOURNER S-300| N/A| | | 07. | SINCAL – MED| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 08. | SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 09. | STAIN REMOVER| N/A| | | 10. ZETASOL SPECIAL| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 20. | Wetting agent | 01. | Ablutex AP-500| Ablu| | | 02. | Ablutex -AP-750 (42% Sol. )| Ablu| | | 03. | AMIDOPAL PB| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | APRETAN EM| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ASILON OIL| MM TRADING| | | 06. | Chtex BS-401| Centary Faith Industrial Ltd. | | | 07. | Crosquent DS| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | DEPICOL RC-9| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 09. | DIAMUL SHC| YORKSITE| | | 10. | DYAPOL HWF| H & M LTD. | | | 11. | FELOSAN RGN| CHT| | | 12. | FORYI 146 (CONC. )| COGNIS| | | 13. | JINTERGE SCF Cond| N/A| | | 14. | JKY| T.CORPORATION| | | 15. | Lorinal R. K| N/A| | | 16. | MA-Lizen XLC| Ellite Textile| | | 17. | Optavon-AC-BL-100(ABC)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 18. | Optavon 4UD| H & M LTD. | | | 19. | PERLAVIN NDA| N/A| | | 20. | RADUZIN ABC| Ablu| | | 21. | RADUZIN ABC| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 22. | RADUZIN AC-BL-100| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 23. | Zetasal WER (10% Sol. )| N/A| PRODUCTION PLANNING & SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Introduction and Basic Procedure of Planning and Control : A planned work brings success. Without planning nothing is completed within the required time. So planning has its own importance which is intolerable. Planning† gives a scheduled task and ‘control' completes it successfully. But production planning and cont rol is not an easy task. So EKCL has a self-sufficient and high-performance department called â€Å"Production Planning & Control†. Its Basic working procedure is as follows : 1. Taking orders from marketing division. 2. Analyzing the orders. 3. Planning for knitting the fabric. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric. It is only a basic procedure. It may change according to the type of order. Sometimes, order is places only for finishing the material or only for dyeing the white goods.Then some steps are omitted for planning procedure. 1. Taking orders from marketing division: EKCL marketing division supplies Fabric Orders to the Planning and control division by a special format. 2. Analyzing the orders: This section analyze the orders according to buyers, Order Quantity, type of orders (i. e. type of fabric, color to be dyed etc. ), delivery date etc. Then it selects which M/C. to use, no of M/C. to use, time required for production etc. This section plans for required quantity of fabric to be knitted (Order quantity + 6% of Order Quantity), knitting balance, fabric need to be dyed.Dyeing balance, RFD (Ready for delivery), RFD balance, delivered fabric and delivery balance. 3. Planning for knitting : This section plans for knitting production. It selects machine for knit the fabric for specific type of fabric, type of yarn used, required GSM, width etc. It also gives delivery data for knitted fabric. It also places orders for buying of yarn from spinning mills by a specific schedule. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric: Production planning for dyeing is called ‘Batch Plan'. According to the batch no. And color, width, style and construction the batch plan is made. For easy understand this section gives some ‘T. cards. ‘T' cards are serialized according to the priority of delivery. The batches and ‘T' cards also serialized as to dye light shade at first and lastly the dark shades, since faulty shade s can be converted to dark color later. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric: Finishing schedule is same us the dyeing. After dyeing the material goes to the finishing section with the batch plan. Finished data is written to the batch card and is informed to the planning section. However, this section always enforces to all the departments to finish all the works within the delivery time given by the buyers.This section delivers materials by truck, micro, air etc to the customer within the meantime. Thus it plays a very important role in the success of the company. Production planning: Marketing Lab dip Lab dip approval Sample production Sample approval and order for bulk production Knitting Sample production according to buyer recommendation Bulk knitting production Batching Pre- treatment Dyeing Finishing Packing Ready for delivery (RFD) Garments section SEQUENCE OF OPERATION : Knitting Grey inspection Batch preparation White Processing Pretreatment Cotton dyeing Polyester dyeing Hydro-extracting Dewatering Drying CompactingFinal Inspection inspection Finished store Delivery to Garment industry Lab Section Lay out for Lab Chemicals Dexter HT Dyeing m/c Lab table Wash fast UN-1 Mathis Labomat Digi Oven Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba sample dyeing-1Robolab-1 Robolab-2 Trumble dryer Washactor-2 Spectophotometer-1 Lab Office Washactor-1 Spectophotometer-2 Lab ; Quality Control machines ; apparatus Specification SL. No. | Specification| SL. No. | Specification| 01. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Making stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A | 02. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Maki ng stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. : 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A| 03. | Ahiba IRSample Dyeing machineModel No. : USTCManufacturer : USAFunction :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. f pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢ family of solutions| 04. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 05. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOMade in : USAManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 06. | MATHIS LabomatSample Dyeing machineModel No. : AGCH-8156Manufacturer : Warner MathisFunction :1.Sample dy eing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24| 07. | Dexter – High Temperature Dyeing machineModel No. : 73Manufacturer : Yuan Shen Enterprise Ltd. Made in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample dyeing in high temperatureTemperature maintained by Glycerine bath. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 Dexter ®PH : 3 ,VOLT : 220 Hz , INPUT : 9 KWMODEL No. :73 DATE : 93 07YUAN SHEN ENTERPRISE CO. LTD. | 08. | Wash Fast UNIModel No. : 60351Serl. No. : 145338 Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105C06,C01 AATC-61/135)Function :1. For checking color fastness after washing.No. of pots in the bath : 08 | 09. | DIGIOVENModel No. : C1301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105E 01, E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. Sample drying for perspiration ; water fastness test. | 10. | PERSPIRPMETERModel No. : C2301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105 E 01,E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. For checking color fastn ess to perspiration. | 11. | RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Required time can’t set in this machine . No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 12. RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Can pre set the dyeing time. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 13. | TUMBLE DRYERModel No. : T4130Manufacturer : ElectroluxMethod used : (ISO-6330/AATCC-135)Made in : SwedenType : Front LoadingFunction :1. For drying fabrics/Garments after wash . | 14. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum .Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 15. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum . Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 16. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : SF600X(Spectraflash)Manufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : USASoftware Used :1. DCI match. 2. Color toolsFunction :1. Color matching . 2.Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 17. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : CM-3600dManufacturer : MinoltaMade in : IndiaSoftware Used :1. JaypakFunction :1. Color matching . 2. Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 18. | PRECISION OVENSample dryerModel No. : DO-452Manufacturer: JF Instrument Co. LtdMade in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample drying after washing ; drying . | 19. | CROCKMETERJames H. Heal ; Co. Ltd. Halifax , HX 36EP , England. | 20. | CROCKMETER Model No. 125302Manufacturer : RoachesMade in : EnglandMethod used : (ISO–105X12 / AATCC-8)Function :1. For checking color fastness to rubbing of yarn . | 21. | Wrap Reel ; Balance(Yarn count tester)Model No. : Roaches International Ltd. Made in : EnglandFunction :1. To determine Yarn count . | 22. | Yarn Appearance Tester(Auto winder RB)Model No. : Y0831Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking eveness of yarn ; grading accordingly . | 23. | Unistretch M/CModel No. : C0501Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :1. Button / Snap pull test : IHTM020/ASTM 4846. 2. Seam slippage : UNI 9743/BS 33203.Lea strength : ISO 6939/ASTM D 15784. Single yarn strength test :ASTM D2256| 24. | Mag Sun FastModel No. : C 0605Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-105B02/AATCC-3Function :1. For checking color fastness to light . | 25. | Auto Burst 28(Bursting Strength Tester)Model No. : C 0601Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-13928-2/1 2945-1ASTM D 3787 , 3786Function :1. To measure bursting strength to fabric . | 26. | Auto pill(Pilling Tester)Model No. : C 1401Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-12945-1,2Function :1. To check pilling of fabric. | 27. | pH MeterModel No. 6173Function :1. To measure pH value . | 28. | Friction TesterModel No. : TextechnoManufacturer : ReibwertwaageMade in : GermanyFunction :1. To measure co-efficient of friction . | 29. | Grey Scale ISO 105-A03 : 1993 BSEN 20105-A03 : 1995 BS 1006-A03 : 1990 SDC Standard Methods 5th Edition A03 Grey Scale (Two scale) For : >Assessing staining . >Assessing color change . | 30. | Matching BoothLIGHT BOX 9 (Supervision 2C)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : G0201Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking color difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 31. Matching BoothLIGHT BOX (Century Faith)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : 70080Function :1. Checking co lor difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 32. | Q – SUNXenon Test ChamberLight Fastness TesterModel No. : B02| Recipe formulation Buyer can give fabric sample or colour code. So at first the colour is to identify if the buyer gives colour code or pantone number. It is easier to formulate recipe by spectrophotometer from colour code or pantone number because they are very specific. But if it is fabric sample then with the help of spectrophotometer several numbers of recipes are to formulate.Process flow chart of lab Swatch from buyer Checking the quality parameter Recipe Formulation Record Matching Visually Recipe Correction Exact matching with swatch Two or more options of Lab-dip send to buyer Approved Not Approved Go for production Matching Re-Lab-dip Chemicals used in lab For Cotton Scouring and Bleaching: YARN| Name| Amount| Function| Cottoclarin-KD| 1. 25 g/l| Soaping agent| Stabilol-ZM| 0. 4 g/l| Peroxide killer| Securon-C| 0. 75 g/l| Sequestering agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 0 g/l| Bleaching agent|Acetic acid| 1 g/l| Neutralization| Name| Amount| Function | Reduzin-ABC| 2 g/l| Wetting agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 0. 75-1. 5 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jintexalate-SQ117| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Contavan-GAL| 0. 75 g/l| Stabilizer| Caustic| 2. 5 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 5 g/l| Bleaching agent| Fabric| For Cotton dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Ladiquest-1097| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 1 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jinlev CL-225| 1. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Formic Acid| 0. 1 g/l| Controlling pH| Glauber salt | | For Fixation| Soda| | For fixation ; contolling pH| For Washing| Name| Amount| Function|Jintexalate-QSE| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Cotoblance-NSR| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Acetic Acid| | Neutralization| For Polyester Dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Dyapol-AB| 1 g/l| Acid donar| Setamol-WS| 0. 75 g/l| Dispersing agent| Jinlev-RLF| 0. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Acetic acid| 0. 6 g/l| C ontrolling pH| Deragal-SFD| 1 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| Domapol B. Conc. | 2 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| For Reduction Clearing| Name| Amount| Function| Hydrose| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Salt-Soda Chart Amcazol Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-0. 075| 0. 075-0. 10| 0. 1-0. 2| 0. 2-0. 3| 0. 3-0. | 0. 4-0. 5| 0. 5-0. 6| Salt(g/l)| 2| 3| 5| 7| 9| 12| 16| 20| Soda(g/l)| 2| 3| 4| 5| 7| 8| 9| 10| Shade %| 0. 6-0. 7| 0. 7-0. 8| 0. 8-0. 9| 0. 9-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 20| 1. 2-1. 4| 1. 4-1. 6| 1. 6-1. 8| Salt(g/l)| 22| 24| 26| 28| 32| 34| 38| 42| Soda(g/l)| 11| 12| 12| 13| 13| 14| 15| 16| Shade %| 1. 8-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 46| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 18| 20| 20| Bezctive Shade %| ; 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0-5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 20| 20| 25| 25| Shade %| 5-6| 6;| Salt(g/l)| 80| 90| Soda(g/l)| 25| 25| Remazol Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. | Up to 1. 0| Up to 2. 0%| 2-3%| 3-5%| Sal t(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 3| 3| 10| 13| 15| 20| Imcozine Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| ;3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 30| 45| 60| 70| 90| Soda(g/l)| 8| 12| 18| 20| 25| Cibacron Shade %| ;0. 01| 0. 01-0. 05| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 20| 20| 20| 25| 30| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 6| 6| 6| 8| 10| 12. 5| 15| Shade %| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Kimsoline Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4-6| 6-8| Above 8| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 55| 60| 80| 100|Soda(g/l)| 10| 13| 15| 18| 20| 20| 20| 20| Synozol Shade %| Below 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 8| 10| 13| 16| 18| 20| Levafix CA Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-5. 0| ;5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 15| 20| 35| 50| 60| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 7| 10| 13| 15| 20| 20| Drimarine CL Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1-1. 5| 1. 5-2| 2. 0-3| ;3| Sa lt(g/l)| 20-50| 60| 65| 70| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 18| 20| 20| Drimarine EX-XN Shade %| ;1. 0| 1. 0-3. 0| 3. 0 above| Salt(g/l)| 20-40| 40-60| 60-80| Soda(g/l)| 5. -10| 10-15| 15-20| Revatol S| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| Sumifix Shade %| 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 3| 0. 3-0. 6| 0. 6-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 3| 7| 10| 15| 20| 40| 50| Soda(g/l)| 10| 10| 15| 15| 20| 20| 20| Dychufix Shade %| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| 80| Soda(g/l)| 10| 15| 20| 20| 20| 20| 20| Shade %| 3. 0-4 | 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Sequence of dyeing 100% cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric (5 gm) Recipe making Select dyes Dyeing Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold washDrying Match with standard sample yes Bulk production Sequence of dyeing Polyester/Cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric ( 5 gm ) Carbonizing of cotton part Fabric weight measure with carbonized part Recipe making Selec t dyes Dyeing of polyester part Matching dyed PES part with standard yes Dyeing of cotton part Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold wash Drying Total sample match with standard sample yes Bulk production Calculation: Usually following calculations are followed – Recipe % ? Sample Weight ** Dye Solution = (cc). Stock solution % g/L ? Total Liquor ** Salt (cc) Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ?Total Liquor ** Soda Solution = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ? Total Liquor ** Chemicals = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 Problems for lab-dip : -Shade variation ( major problem ) . -Soda or alkali spot come. -Metamerism problem . Problems overcome by : -Dye adjust between std. and lab-dip. -Accurate dyes and chemical measure. -By shading (additional way). -By stripping. Samples send to buyer: Now for every separate sample dyeing with separate recipe are send to buyer for approval. The buyer approves one sample and the recipe of that approved sample is now send to dyeing section. Batching Sectio n Batch Section Batching:Batching preparation is the process where visually inspected grey fabrics are divided into different batches with reasonable quantity in order to make them suitable for the further operation. During batching the following factors are considered: 1 1. Order priority 2 2. Yarn type 3 3. Yarn dyed/Color (Light-medium/Deep) 4 4. Fabric quantity 5 5. Capacity of available machines 6 Proper batching criteria: To use maximum capacity of existing dyeing m/c To ensure every dyeing m/c running in full production. To minimize the m/c washing time or preparation time. To keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade, etc.Batch Preparation Process sequence of Batch preparation receive batch card from Grey In-charge Make the priority as per dyeing plan Take one specific Batch card. Check the availability of fabric Take required quantity of body fabric from store Make required no. of Rope maintaining equal length Take collar/cuff as per size, keep the total weigh t. Distribute the collar /cuff or Rib in each rope equally unsure equal length Stitch the fabric Write down the weight against roll no. in the back side of the Batch Card Write the total weight in Batch Card Put signature ; date Fill the production report formSewing:â€Å"Sewing means stitching†. The necessity of sewing: -To adjust the rolls by sewing which is adjusted with hand by knotting in turning before sewing? -They fulfill the sewing row in process Route Card and fulfill the particular sewing chart then it goes for dyeing. Turning: Normally turning is done for those fabrics which are not same in both face ; back to protect the face side of fabric from any dust, spot, other color, machine corrosion or any visual or physical disturbance. The machine by which counting of rolls ; face/back side of fabric is opened is called turner machine. Fabric Dyeing SectionLayout and evacuation plan of fabric dyeing section Fabric Dyeing Machine Specification No. of Sample Dyeing Machi ne: 10 No. of Bulk Dyeing Machine: 17 List of Sample Dyeing Machine Sl No| Machine type| Specification| 01. | Fong’s-20| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-25SER. NO. : 24009628CERT. NO. :HKG-930003/2YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY, Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co.Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 20 Kg | 03. | Fong’s-30/2| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-30SER. NO. : 27013515CERT. NO. :HKG-0230011/4YEAR BUILT: 2002DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2002SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 30 Kg| 04. | Fong’s-120| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-120SER. NO. : 25010850CERT. NO. HKG-030008/3 7YEAR BUILT: 2000DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2000SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 120 Kg| 06. | HAF-30| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM : WATER 240Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-HAF-30-1MODEL : TGRU-HAF-1-30BODY MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? TOTAL WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE: S/T-5/4KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : S/T 158 °C/140 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%Manufacturer : TONG GENG ENTERPRISE CO. LTD Manufacturing Country : TAIWAN| 07. | ATHENA-50/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2931Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii DivSpecial Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW| 08. ATHENA-50/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2932Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii Div-1Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW | 09. | KRSNA(10 kg)/1| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] com/infokrsnadyeingmachine. om Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 12/38 Year:10/09-10 Model :ATM| 10. | KRSNA(10 kg)/2| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] c om/infokrsnadyeingmachine. com Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 13/38Year :10/09-10Model: ATM| Bulk production dyeing Machine Sr. No. | Machine type| Specification| 01. | ATH-1/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2/11Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2005Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 33Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 19KW| 02. | ATH-1/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-250Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construct ion : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 03. | ATH-1/3| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2874Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa): 0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 04. | ATH-1/4| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2868Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73 AControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 05. ATH-2/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2870Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 2. 80Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 06. | ATH-2/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. f Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2869Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-62 1-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 07. | ATH-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2607Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 68Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 08. | ATH-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2880Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 47| 09. | ATH-6| Brand Name : Athena2â„ ¢ by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 1500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 6Serial No. : 04-6A-2907Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 134Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 88| 10. | AA-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2963Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 11. | AA-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. f Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2964Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 12. | S. HT-2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 360 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 03-2A-2193Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMa x. Current (A) : 44Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 25/185| 13. | S. HT-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/1Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 14. | S. HT-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/2Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine V oltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 15. | S.HT-4/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Serial No. : 03-4A-2305Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Patent No. : 5-440-771Year of construction : 2000Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 400 ACMax. Current (A) : 64Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 39| 16. | S. HT-4/2>720| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemTotal Horse Power (HP) : 40| SPECIAL FEATURES OF SCLAVOS MACHINE : Twin soft flow system: The main pump liqour flow in sclavos is distributed into two nozzles achieving minimum pressure. The technical solution results in a perfact fabric transport ; liqour penetration at a very low nozzle pressure. The patented plaiting system ensures good storage of the fabric with the uniqe liqour bypass system diverting the biggest amont of liqour out side the chamber. This avoids abrasion of fabric surface.Advantages: * Less compacting system * Extended fabric liqour exchange * Reorientation of the rope at every turn * Vertical plaiting Aquacron: Revolutionary continuous wash system, diverting contaminated liquor at the exit of TSF outside the j box to a drain pipe. A continuous flow of either preheated (via Sclavos Heat Recovery) or cold water turns Sclavos into a virtually nonstop operation dyeing machine. Drainage of contaminated liquor via the liquor bypass avoids liquor dropping on to the stored fabric. High liquor renewal speed caused by very low liquor level during washing. Advantages: 1. Efficient wa shing effect. . Less water consumption. 3. Less temperature shocks when filling with cold water. 4. Precise calculation of water consumption. FULLY AUTOMATIC FUNCTION: * Automatic salt ; soda dosing system. * Automatic chemical injection system. * Automatic heat exchanging process. Ciba new process: Bleach+Enzyme Machine filling with water at normal Temperature Fabric loaded at normal temperature (36-400C) Chemicals {Contipon S (10%solution), Jintex Stab, Antisil Conz Jinsofter BSK , Ablutex-AP-750 (42% Soln)} Dozing at 60 0C ; Run for 4 min H2O2 (35% Soln) is added at 600C within 3-4 minute NaOH is added for 7 min at 700CRun time 20 min at1100C Cooling at 95-80 0C ; then aquachron is done for 12 min Absorbency test is done. Water is leveled Acetic Acid is added at 550C runtime 6 min Per oxide Killer (Raduzin-THN (50% Soln)) is added at 55C for 10 min, Per oxide is checked (if H2O2 = O) PH is Checked (PH=4. 8) Enzyme ( Retrocell PLX-TRA) at 550C run for 45 min Aquachron is done at 5 50C for 5 min Hot wash at 80 C for 20 min Aquachron is done at 550C for 5 min Water is leveled Dyeing (ciba new process): Dyeing auxiliaries(Jinlev-CL225, Antisil conz) and acitic acid /RL)is added at 600C for 30 min PH is Checked (PH= 6-6. 5 ) Runtime 20 minDyes is dosing at 600C 20min added at run for 10 min. Glauber salt dosing at 600C for 30 min and run for 20 min Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min [1st part] Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min[2nd part] After 5 min shade is checked If shade is not â€Å"OK† then it’s checked after every 5 min until matching If shade is â€Å"OK† Liquor is drained Water filling and aquacron is done for 25 min Soaping : Acid wash is done at 600C and run for 6 min for neutralization PH is checked (acidic condition) Soaping agent (Jintexalate QSE) is added at 950C ; run for 12 min Aquachron is done at 70 C for 5 min Hot wash at 900C run for 9 minAquachron is done for 10 min Drain out Nova Ciba Fixing: Fixing agent (WER)is added for 10 m in at 400C and run for 10 min Acidic acid +Dosssing Bevsoft-CF +Jinsofter –WCS is added for 10 min at 400C ; run for 20 min Unload Finishing Section Lay-out of the Finishing section DEWATERING ; SLITTING M/C Production Officers Room FINISHED Goods STENTER MACHINE – 02 STENTER MACHINE – 03 STENTER MACHINE -01 OFFLINE QUALITY CONTROL ROOM COMPACTORM/C- 03 LAFER COMPACTOR M/C-01 DEWATERING-2 DEWATERING-1 DRYER MACHINE FINISHED Goods FINISHED Goods COMPACTOR M/C C- 02 CALANDER M/C RAISING M/C SLITTING M/CSUEDING M/C Online QC Officers Table Finishing: After dyeing knit fabric is required to finish. During dyeing all knit fabric are dyed in tubular form. According to buyer’s requirement knit fabric are finished in open form or tubular form. Dyed Fabric from Dyeing Department Shade check Flow chart of finishing process Dewatering Open width Tubular form Dewatering Drying Slitting Calendering ; compactor Stentering/Dryer Final Inspection Open compactor Packing F inal Inspection Delivery Packing Delivery Machines of Finishing section M/C No. M/C Name| M/C specification| 01. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASTRETCH 140Com. Nr. : 3887Electr. diagr. Nr. : 95-3887Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995Made in Switzerland| 02. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: Santastretch PlusCom. Nr. : 5872Electr. diagr. Nr. : 03-5872Electr. Voltage: 3? 400+PEN 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 20 KWYear of Construction: 2003 Made in Switzerland| 03. | Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITALIATel. 173/440402-(5 line r. a. )Fax:0173/34872-0173/297000-Telex-212357 BIANCOMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : 960112CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 1996VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : | 04. | Dewatering+Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITAL IATel. 0173314111Fax : 01734872 Email : bianco-spa. comMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : M04639-022215CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 2006VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : 900| 05. | Dryer| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. TAIWAN TAIFEI| 06. | Calendering ; Compacting| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASPREAD 140Com. Nr. : 3889Electr. diagr. Nr. 95-3889Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995 Made in Switzerland| 07. | Stentering m/c1| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. | 08. | Stentering m/c-2| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)TIPO DE MAQUINA : FL-3No. DE FABRICATION: 481ANO DE FABRICATION: 2005| 09. | Stentering m/c-3| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)| 10. | Compacting m/c-1| FERRAROCONSTRUZIONI MECCANVia Busto Arsuzu,12021015 Lonate FozzoloITALYCOMPTEX7RA-2600 3957Year of Construction: 1998| 11. | Compacting m/c-2| TUBETEXC 2500 compactor| 12. | Compacting m/c-3| LaferSPA MACCHINE TESSILISEDE LEGALE,UFFICI E STABILIMENTO Via Laga di Garda no. 8 Z. I 36015-SCHIO (VI) ITALYMACCHINA : KSA 500ALTEZZA TAVOLA : 2600MATRICOLA : 10KS02767ANNO : 2009| 13. | Sueding m/c| LaferULTRASOFT-YTexen s. r. l. factory automationVia lago di vico , 4B 36015 schio (VI) Italytel : +39. 0445. 694101 fax. : 39. 0045. 694120www. laferspa. com/[email  protected] comSERIAL NO. /DRAWING NO. : N ° 10GSY2355PHASES NO. : N ° 3VOLTAGE : v 400FREQUENCY : Hz 50NOMINAL CURRENT : A 100INTERRUPTION CAPABILITY : KA 25| 14. | Raising m/c| Mario CostaM/C Type : MC-20/24Serial No. : 8969Power Supply : 3? 400 V 50/60HzYear : 2007 Month : 11Max. Power : 69 KWTensione asiliari : 24/5 VDCAux.Power Supply : 230/24 KWMade in Italy | Factor Consideration: Shrinkage control: -Shrinkage is controlled by proper over feeding. -To apply less or more over feed speed fabrics reduce along to length and increase along to width. Maximum 70 – 75% shrinkage is controlled by using it. GSM Control: -GSM is also controlled by applying proper over feeding speed. -If over feed is more than G SM is also more. -If Over feed speed is less then GSM is also is less. -If Dia is more than GSM of the fabric will less. -If Dia is less than the GSM of the fabric will more. N. B: If GSM of the fabric is OK then shrinkage is also OK.Dia Control: -Dia is controlled by dia controlling meter scale. -If any fault, GSM of the fabric is reduced then to increase the GSM of the fabric dia will have to be reduced (2 – 3) inch. -If Over feed speed is more than Dia of the fabric will be more. -If Over feed speed is less then Dia of the fabric will be less. -If length is more than width of the fabric is reduced. -If length is less then width of the fabric is more. N. B: Fabric speed is controlled on the fabric dia. Here, Dia less or More fully depends on yarn count and buyer order. Dia is done less or more by using expander rod.Finishing section is divided into two section, they are: -Open line -Tube line Production parameters: 1 1. Squeeze pressure 2 2. Fabric speed 3 3. Fabric tension 4 4. Temperature 5 5. Fabric diameter 6 6. Fabric GSM 7 7. Fabric shrinkage 8 8. Air pressure 9 9. Steam pressure 10 10. Softener Types of finishing: 1) Chemical finishing: * Chemical reaction of auxiliaries with fibers. * Application of the handle modifying products / additives. 2) Mechanical finishing: * Mechanical treatment with machines. The machines that are used in open line that are given bellow: 1. Slitting m/c 2. De-watering m/c 3. Stenter 5. CompactorThe machines that are used in tube line that are given bellow: 1. De-watering m/c 2. Dryer 3. Calendering ; Stentering Other machines: 2. Sueding m/c 3. Raising m/c Dewatering m/c: 01 After finishing the dyeing process from the dyeing machine then the fabrics are ready for de-watering. This is the process to remove the water from the fabric completely by squeezing. This is the main function of the de-watering machine. But here also control the some important factor of the fabric quality Function: 1. Reduce water content. 2. A pply chemicals specially to make the fabric soft. 3. Open the fabric from the rope form. . Shrinkage is controlled by overfeed mechanism Slitting m/c: 01 M/c name: bianco ® S. P. A Serial Nr. : 960112 Construction year: 1996 Highest Speed: 100M/min Running speed: 60-70 M/min Normal speed: 40-50 M/min N. B. : * Photocell detects Needle Mark ; according to the needle mark tube fabric is cut by the plate. * Fabric Diameter is set by Basket. * Fabric is spreaded by the basket. Purpose of the m/c: * To open the fabric from tubular form to open width form * Fabric is cut according to the needle mark. Dryer m/c: Drying: Drying is defined as a process where the liquid portion is evaporated from the fabric.Curing: Curing can be defined as a process following addition of a finish to textile fabrics in which materials are heated for a short time in elevated temperature to effect a chemical reaction Functions: 1. To dry the fabric with the help of steam 2. To control the shrinkage 3. To prepa re the fabric for next subsequent process 4. To dry fabric without tension Figure: Dryer Main parts of the machine: 1. Heating chamber 2. Blower 3. Synthetic blanket as a conveyor 4. Folder 5. Exhaust fan Heating system: * Gas fired Checking parameters: * Shade Check * Width check * Weight check * Compaction check Fault check : Operator checks – * Knitting faults * Spinning faults * Dyeing faults * Other faults * Edge check Yarn Dyeing Section Yarn dyeing machines and their specification SL No. | Machine Type| Spindle No. ;Bobbin no. | M/C Specification| 01. | Lab m/c (AL-6A)| Spindle No. : 016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520 KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 02. | Lab m/c (AL-6B)| Spindle No. :016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 03. | CH-10/1| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9 | CAPACITY: 10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTDTAIWAN| 04. | CH-10/2| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9| CAPACITY:10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 05. | CH-15/1| Spindle No. :044 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(4*4) =16| CAPACITY:15 KGM/C NO. : CAS-50L-4SER. NO. : 24009627CERT. NO. YKG 930003/4YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS55001997CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 660 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 1020 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 660 KPaTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTER Fongs| 06. | CH-15/2| Spindle No. :035 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*3) =15| CAPACITY:15 KGSTOTAL POWER:7 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):120Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-CH-15-2MODEL : TGCH-15BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN| 08 . | CH-30/1| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 09. | CH-30/2| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY: 30 KGSTOTAL POWER: 9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit.DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 10. | CH-50/1| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKINGTEMP. : 140 °C TON G WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 11. | CH-50/2| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 12. | CH-100/1| Spindle No. 167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY: 100 KGSTOTAL POWER: 21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE : 1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 13. | CH-100/2| Spindle No. :167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY:100 KGSTOTAL POWER:21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE :1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER.PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TE ST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 14. | CH-200/1| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN | 15. | CH-200/2| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECIS

Rational Choice Theory Vs Routine Activity Theory

Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activity Theory are two of several different theories used in criminology. These two theories can help a person examine why a person would commit a crime in the first place. In this paper, I will explain that these two theories are as well as compare and contrast the two theories. Routine Activity Theory was developed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen. Routine activity theory helps identify criminal activity and behavior through explanation in crime rate. (Cohen Felson,1979). Cohen and Felson said that the number of possible offenders or offender motivation does not actually affect the crime rate. Routine activity theory has three stipulations that make it up; a likely offender, a suitable target,†¦show more content†¦Access refers to how easily a target can be obtained by an offender. All three of these elements are vital to routine activity theory and can cause an uptick in crime without any change in the criminal population. Rational Choice Theory takes in to account when a person thinks through the actual crime they are committing to decide whether or not said crime in worth it. Usually the goals of the crime being committed somehow benefits the offender is some way whether it be financially, emotionally, etc. Cornish and Clark (1985) state that rational choice theory is based on three assumptions; â€Å"criminal offenders are rational and make choices and decisions that benefit themselves; a crime- specific focus is required; and there is a distinction between choices related to criminal involvement and decisions related to criminal events†. Rational choice theory examines the choices of an offender and the influences that affect the decision to commit a crime such as morality, risks, and rewards. Risk and rewards heavily effects an offender’s decision of a target (Clarke,1983). The risk level is the first factor taken into consideration when determining whether a target is good or bad t o an offender. 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